Research On Smart Band Too Meshing Addiction
Smart Phone/Cellphone Dependence/Addiction
O'Donnell S, Epstein LH. Smartphones are to a greater extent than reinforcing than nutrient for students. Addict Behav. 2018 Oct 18;90:124-133. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.018.
Highlights
• College students engage inwards high frequency smartphone usage despite consequences.
Baca Juga
• Comparing smartphones to nutrient may found their relative reinforcing value.
• Students were deprived of nutrient in addition to smartphones earlier working for both reinforcers.
• Phones were to a greater extent than reinforcing than food, in addition to smartphone reinforcement was related to smartphone use.
• Smartphones are rigid reinforcers, which may live why people usage smartphones excessively.
The results of this study dot that, overall, mobile telephone usage has a little negative effect (r = −0.16) on educational outcomes which is consistent with the previous literature (Lepp et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015). However, the results caution against coming to hasty conclusions based on these findings. The summary effect size is relatively small, fifty-fifty inwards the educational sphere. Hattie (2012), for example, conducted over 900 educational meta-analyses in addition to found the largest summary effect for a classroom intervention to live a Cohen's d of 1.44. Taking this into account, it is non surprising that something hence ubiquitous in addition to increasingly integral to students' lives would stimulate got some influence on educational outcomes. Additionally, although the publication bias analysis suggests that these results are non greatly biased yesteryear a systematic exclusion of studies, it should live noted that the effects observed could live indicative of an association rather than causation. For example, those who are predisposed to overuse mobile devices may but live less probable to attain academically inwards the rootage place. That the summary effect is derived from studies involving experimental groups every bit good every bit cross-sectional studies, however, brings this possibility into question....
Despite the variability betwixt studies, at that spot appears to live a consistent negative, albeit small, effect on educational achievement. This suggests that avoidance of mobile phones inwards educational settings, or for those who are currently inwards school, could live beneficial for academic achievement.....
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Kim J-H. Psychological issues in addition to problematic usage of smartphone: ADHD's moderating role inwards the associations amid loneliness, necessitate for social assurance, necessitate for immediate connection, in addition to problematic usage of smartphone. Computers inwards Human Behavior. 80:390-398. Mar 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.025
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Carbonell X, Chamarro A, Oberst U, Rodrigo B, Prades M. Problematic Use of the Internet in addition to Smartphones inwards University Students: 2006-2017. Intl J Environ Research Publ Health. 15(3). Article 475. Mar 2018.
Abstract
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Zou Z, Wang H, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Wang X, Ding J, Chen H. definition of Substance in addition to Non-substance Addiction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1010:21-41.
Results: Compared with normal users, participants who were addicted to smartphones were to a greater extent than probable to stimulate got experienced whatever accidents (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.26-2.86), falling from height/slipping (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.10-3.91), in addition to bumps/collisions (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.16-2.87). The proportion of participants who used their smartphones mainly for amusement was significantly high inwards both the accident (38.76%) in addition to smartphone addiction (36.40%) groups.
Discussion in addition to conclusions: We suggest that smartphone addiction was significantly associated with total accident, falling/slipping, in addition to bumps/collisions. This finding highlighted the necessitate for increased awareness of the chance of accidents with smartphone addiction.
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Han S, Kim KJ, Kim JH. Understanding Nomophobia: Structural Equation Modeling in addition to Semantic Network Analysis of Smartphone Separation Anxiety. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2017 Jul;20(7):419-427. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0113.
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With widespread usage of the smartphone, clinical evidence for smartphone addiction remains unclear. Against this background, nosotros analyzed the effect of smartphone usage patterns on smartphone addiction inwards Korean adolescents. H5N1 total of 370 middle schoolhouse students participated. The severity of smartphone addiction was measured through clinical interviews in addition to the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale. As a result, 50 (13.5%) were inwards the smartphone addiction grouping in addition to 320 (86.5%) were inwards the salubrious group. To investigate the effect of smartphone usage patterns on smartphone addiction, nosotros performed self-report questionnaires that assessed the next items: smartphone functions mostly used, purpose of use, problematic use, in addition to parental mental attitude regarding smartphone use. For smartphone functions mostly used, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher scores inwards "Online chat." For the purpose of use, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher "habitual use," "pleasure," "communication," "games," "stress relief," "ubiquitous trait," in addition to "not to live left out." For problematic use, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher scores on "preoccupation," "tolerance," "lack of control," "withdrawal," "mood modification," "conflict," "lies," "excessive use," in addition to "loss of interest." For parental mental attitude regarding children's smartphone use, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher scores inwards "parental punishment." Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that "female," "use for learning," "use for ubiquitous trait," "preoccupation," in addition to "conflict" were significantly correlated with smartphone addiction. This study demonstrated that the chance factors for smartphone addiction were beingness female, preoccupation, conflict, in addition to usage for ubiquitous trait; the protective element was usage for learning. Future studies volition live required to disclose the additional clinical evidence of the affliction entity for smartphone addiction.
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De-Sola Gutiérrez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Rubio G. Cell-Phone Addiction: H5N1 Review. Front Psychiatry. 2016 Oct 24;7:175.
Abstract
We introduce a review of the studies that stimulate got been published nigh addiction to jail cellphone phones. We analyze the concept of cell-phone addiction every bit good every bit its prevalence, study methodologies, psychological features, in addition to associated psychiatric comorbidities. Research inwards this land has by in addition to large evolved from a global persuasion of the jail cellphone telephone every bit a device to its analysis via applications in addition to contents. The multifariousness of criteria in addition to methodological approaches that stimulate got been used is notable, every bit is a for certain lack of conceptual delimitation that has resulted inwards a broad spread of prevalent data. There is a consensus nigh the existence of cell-phone addiction, but the delimitation in addition to criteria used yesteryear diverse researchers vary. Cell-phone addiction shows a distinct user profile that differentiates it from Internet addiction. Without evidence pointing to the influence of cultural bird in addition to socioeconomic status, the pattern of abuse is greatest amid immature people, primarily females. Intercultural in addition to geographical differences stimulate got non been sufficiently studied. The problematic usage of jail cellphone phones has been associated with personality variables, such every bit extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem, impulsivity, self-identity, in addition to self-image. Similarly, slumber disturbance, anxiety, stress, and, to a lesser extent, depression, which are also associated with Internet abuse, stimulate got been associated with problematic cell-phone use. In addition, the introduce review reveals the coexistence human relationship betwixt problematic cell-phone usage in addition to total usage such every bit tobacco in addition to alcohol.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822187
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Sussman CJ, Harper JM, Stahl JL, Weigel P. Internet in addition to Video Game Addictions: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, in addition to Neurobiology. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin north Am 27 (2018) 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.015.
Key Points
In spite of the lack of a consensus on diagnosis, in addition to the resulting variations inwards epidemiologic, comorbidity, in addition to neurobiological research, these studies supply overwhelming evidence of similarities betwixt IVGA in addition to SUD. Taken every bit a whole, the research presented hither strongly suggests that IVGA is a clinically relevant in addition to valid syndrome. Like other addictions, it is ameliorate understood when incorporating a neuro-biological perspective. Our land must successfully address IVGAs to run into the needs of a social club that is increasingly enmeshed inwards digital technology. Research inwards this area should maintain to accelerate, allowing clinicians to ameliorate enshroud for, diagnose, psycho-educate, and supply multimodal handling for our patients with IVGA. Treatment of IVGAs is explored inwards David N. Greenfield’s article, “Treatment Considerations in Internet in addition to Video Game Addiction: H5N1 Qualitative Discussion,” inwards this issue.
Significant limitations inwards the electrical current trunk of enquiry include the difficulty inwards determining causality amid many epidemiologic correlations, the limited cognition of brain changes occurring inwards IVGA, including whether they are reversible, in addition to the absence of animate beingness model studies. These weaknesses volition probable maintain to encourage challenges to the validity of IVGA from critics. Some debate that digital engineering use is hence pervasive that the diagnosis may overpathologize behaviour that is normative and acceptable inwards our culture.105 On the other hand, modern society’s excessive engagement with engineering risks falsely normalizing addictions to technology, inwards what may be a civilization of “functional tech-oholics.” It seems hard to walk downwardly a world street without seeing multiple passersby engaged with smartphones, or to partake inwards a group conversation with no cry of digital media inwards some form. It seems evident that the human encephalon cannot evolve fast plenty to accommodate to the progress of digital technology, and that fifty-fifty the most powerful prefrontal cortex may live unable to resist the allure of instant stimulation inwards the body of body of water of digital screens that our globe is becoming. Regardless of where nosotros position the diagnostic cutoff for IVGA, our patients suffering the most profound dysfunction from their usage of digital engineering necessitate ameliorate resources to recognize, understand, in addition to care for their condition. If IVGA proves to live to a greater extent than abundant than a collection of a few extreme cases, it volition live fifty-fifty to a greater extent than vital for our psychoeducational interventions to make non alone affected individuals, but their families in addition to the communities every bit well. Ironically, social media in addition to other forms of screen-based education may testify the best platforms for reaching out to those suffering IVGA without the insight, knowledge, in addition to resources to address it.a This fact reminds us that learning more nigh the benefits of digital engineering every bit good every bit its risks represents a challenge for modern providers in addition to an chance for contemporary researchers.
http://bit.ly/intaddicSussman2018
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review in addition to meta-analysis of observational studies that investigated the putative association betwixt cyberspace addiction in addition to suicidality.
DATA SOURCES: Major electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Science Direct, in addition to ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched using the next keywords (internet addiction OR cyberspace gaming disorder OR cyberspace usage disorder OR pathological cyberspace usage OR compulsive cyberspace usage OR problematic cyberspace use) AND (suicide OR depression) to position observational studies from inception to Oct 31, 2017.
STUDY SELECTION: We included 23 cross-sectional studies (n = 270,596) in addition to 2 prospective studies (n = 1,180) that investigated the human relationship betwixt suicide in addition to cyberspace addiction.
DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted the rates of suicidal ideation, planning, in addition to attempts inwards individuals with cyberspace addiction in addition to controls.
RESULTS: The individuals with cyberspace addiction had significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.952), planning (OR = 3.172), in addition to attempts (OR = 2.811) in addition to higher severity of suicidal ideation (Hedges g = 0.723). When restricted to adjusted ORs for demographic information in addition to depression, the odds of suicidal ideation in addition to attempts were silent significantly higher inwards the individuals with cyberspace addiction (ideation: pooled adjusted OR = 1.490; attempts: pooled adjusted OR = 1.559). In subgroup analysis, at that spot was a significantly higher prevalence charge per unit of measurement of suicidal ideation inwards children (age less than eighteen years) than inwards adults (OR = 3.771 in addition to OR = 1.955, respectively).
Fumero A, Marrero RJ, Voltes D, Peñate W. Personal in addition to social factors involved inwards cyberspace addiction amid adolescents: H5N1 meta-analysis. Computers inwards Human Behavior. 86:387-400. Sep 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.005
Highlights
• Internet addiction (IA) was associated with psychosocial factors inwards adolescents.
Background in addition to Aims The growing popularity in addition to frequency of Internet usage has resulted inwards a large number of studies reporting diverse clinical problems associated with its abuse. The principal purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of the association betwixt Internet addiction (IA) in addition to a number of personal in addition to social psychological factors inwards adolescents.
Methods The search included cross-sectional, case-control in addition to cohort studies which analyzed the human relationship betwixt IA in addition to at to the lowest degree ane of the next personal variables: (i) psychopathology, (ii) personality features in addition to (iii) social difficulties, every bit good every bit (iv) self-esteem, (v) social skills in addition to (vi) positive theater unit of measurement functioning. These variables were classified every bit protective in addition to promoting factors of the chance of developing IA.
Results A total of 28 studies with adequate methodological character were identified inwards the primary medical, wellness in addition to psychological literature databases upwardly to Nov 2017. Of the 48,090 students included inwards the analysis, 6548 (13.62%) were identified every bit excessive Internet users. The results highlight that chance factors had a greater effect on IA than protective factors. Also, personal factors showed a greater link with IA than social factors.
Conclusions The information supply relevant information for those developing programs for the prevention of IA in addition to the enhancement of protective factors.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563218302310
Hunt MG, Marx R, Lipson C, Young J. No More FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness in addition to depression. Journal of Social in addition to Clinical Psychology. 37(10): 751-768. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
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Discussion in addition to conclusion: The implications of these results are farther discussed inwards lite of the existing evidence in addition to debates regarding the status of technological addictions every bit primary in addition to secondary disorders.
Abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30390436
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Kates AW, Wu H, Chris LSC. The effects of mobile telephone usage on academic performance: H5N1 meta-analysis. Computers & Education. 127:107-112. Dec 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.08.012
Highlights
• Study purpose is to farther examine whatever relationships that may be betwixt mobile telephone usage in addition to educational achievement.
College students engage inwards high-frequency smartphone use, despite potential negative consequences. One agency to conceptualize this behaviour is to consider it a highly reinforcing activity. Comparing motivation for smartphones to a powerful primary reinforcer, such every bit food, tin found their relative reinforcing value. This study investigated whether smartphones were to a greater extent than reinforcing than food, every bit good every bit the relationships betwixt smartphone reinforcement, texting use, in addition to smartphone motives. Participants were 76 college students (50% female, Mage = 18.9, SD = 0.99) who had no access to nutrient for 3 hours in addition to to their smartphones for 2 hours. After this small-scale deprivation period, participants worked for fourth dimension to usage their smartphones in addition to 100-cal portions of their favorite snack nutrient concurrently, with the piece of work to obtain portions of both commodities increasing. The amount of smartphone usage earned during the chore was manipulated across groups (20, 30, 60, 120 s) to found what amount of smartphone usage was needed to motivate responding. Additionally, reinforcing efficacy of smartphones in addition to nutrient using a hypothetical purchase chore in addition to motivations for smartphone usage was collected. Smartphones were to a greater extent than reinforcing than nutrient using either measuring methodology (p's < 0.001). Smartphone reinforcement predicted number of text messages, controlling for age, sex, in addition to theater unit of measurement income. Positive smartphone usage motives were associated with reinforcing efficacy of smartphones. These information present that smartphones are rigid reinforcers, in addition to are to a greater extent than reinforcing than nutrient given small-scale nutrient deprivation. These methods supply ane of import argue why people may usage smartphones.
Excerpt
College students percentage a perception that smartphone ownership is beneficial; yet smartphone usage has been linked to increased anxiety (Jenaro, Flores, Gómez-Vela, González-Gil, & Caballo, 2007), social dysfunction (Jenaro et al., 2007) insomnia (Jenaro et al., 2007), depression self-esteem (Bianchi & Phillips, 2005; Smetaniuk, 2014), emotional instability (Roberts, Pullig, & Manolis, 2015; Smetaniuk, 2014) in addition to depression (Ezoe et al., 2009; Smetaniuk, 2014). Temporarily removing jail cellphone phones from high frequency jail cellphone telephone users increased self-reported anxiety over a 75 min fourth dimension menstruation inwards comparing to less frequent users (Cheever et al., 2014). Despite the negative outcomes associated with problematic smartphone use, college students are highly motivated to usage their smartphones.
Excerpt
College students percentage a perception that smartphone ownership is beneficial; yet smartphone usage has been linked to increased anxiety (Jenaro, Flores, Gómez-Vela, González-Gil, & Caballo, 2007), social dysfunction (Jenaro et al., 2007) insomnia (Jenaro et al., 2007), depression self-esteem (Bianchi & Phillips, 2005; Smetaniuk, 2014), emotional instability (Roberts, Pullig, & Manolis, 2015; Smetaniuk, 2014) in addition to depression (Ezoe et al., 2009; Smetaniuk, 2014). Temporarily removing jail cellphone phones from high frequency jail cellphone telephone users increased self-reported anxiety over a 75 min fourth dimension menstruation inwards comparing to less frequent users (Cheever et al., 2014). Despite the negative outcomes associated with problematic smartphone use, college students are highly motivated to usage their smartphones.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30390436
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Kates AW, Wu H, Chris LSC. The effects of mobile telephone usage on academic performance: H5N1 meta-analysis. Computers & Education. 127:107-112. Dec 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.08.012
Highlights
• Study purpose is to farther examine whatever relationships that may be betwixt mobile telephone usage in addition to educational achievement.
• A meta-analysis on the human relationship betwixt mobile telephone usage & academic outcomes over 10 years (2008–2017) was conducted.
• Results dot the summary effect of mobile telephone usage on educatee outcomes is r = −0.16 with 95% CI of −0.20 to −0.13.
Abstract
Purpose Although the mobile telephone has been conspicuously proliferated inwards the yesteryear decades, lilliputian is known nigh its influence; especially its effect on educatee learning in addition to academic performance. Although at that spot is a growing involvement inwards mobile devices in addition to their correlates in addition to consequences for children, effects vary across related studies in addition to the magnitude of the overall effect remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to farther examine whatever relationships that may be betwixt mobile telephone usage in addition to educational achievement.
Research design A meta-analysis of enquiry conducted on the human relationship betwixt mobile telephone usage in addition to educatee educational outcomes over a 10-year menstruation (2008–2017) was conducted. The operational definition of jail cellphone telephone usage to guide the implementation of this study is: whatever mensurate of mobile telephone use, whether considered normative or problematic, that quantifies the extent to which a someone uses a phone, feels an emotional or other dependence on a phone, or categorizes the types of uses in addition to situations inwards which usage occurs. Studies examining usage for the limited purpose of educational improvement are non included, every bit the aim of this study is to ascertain the effects of normal smartphone use. The operational definition of academic achievement to guide the implementation of this study is: whatever mensurate that quantifies the extent to which a educatee or grouping of students is performing or feels he or she is performing to a satisfactory level, including but non limited to missive of the alphabet grades in addition to testify scores, cognition in addition to science acquisition, in addition to self-reported measures of academic powerfulness or difficulty.
Findings The overall meta-analysis indicated that the average effect of mobile telephone usage on educatee outcomes was r = −0.162 with a 95% confident interval of −0.196 to −0.128. The effect sizes of moderator variables (education level, region, study type, in addition to whether the effect size was derived from a Beta coefficient, in addition to mobile telephone usage construct) were analyzed. The results of this study in addition to their implications for both enquiry in addition to exercise are discussed.
Abstract
Purpose Although the mobile telephone has been conspicuously proliferated inwards the yesteryear decades, lilliputian is known nigh its influence; especially its effect on educatee learning in addition to academic performance. Although at that spot is a growing involvement inwards mobile devices in addition to their correlates in addition to consequences for children, effects vary across related studies in addition to the magnitude of the overall effect remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to farther examine whatever relationships that may be betwixt mobile telephone usage in addition to educational achievement.
Research design A meta-analysis of enquiry conducted on the human relationship betwixt mobile telephone usage in addition to educatee educational outcomes over a 10-year menstruation (2008–2017) was conducted. The operational definition of jail cellphone telephone usage to guide the implementation of this study is: whatever mensurate of mobile telephone use, whether considered normative or problematic, that quantifies the extent to which a someone uses a phone, feels an emotional or other dependence on a phone, or categorizes the types of uses in addition to situations inwards which usage occurs. Studies examining usage for the limited purpose of educational improvement are non included, every bit the aim of this study is to ascertain the effects of normal smartphone use. The operational definition of academic achievement to guide the implementation of this study is: whatever mensurate that quantifies the extent to which a educatee or grouping of students is performing or feels he or she is performing to a satisfactory level, including but non limited to missive of the alphabet grades in addition to testify scores, cognition in addition to science acquisition, in addition to self-reported measures of academic powerfulness or difficulty.
Findings The overall meta-analysis indicated that the average effect of mobile telephone usage on educatee outcomes was r = −0.162 with a 95% confident interval of −0.196 to −0.128. The effect sizes of moderator variables (education level, region, study type, in addition to whether the effect size was derived from a Beta coefficient, in addition to mobile telephone usage construct) were analyzed. The results of this study in addition to their implications for both enquiry in addition to exercise are discussed.
Excerpts
The results of this study dot that, overall, mobile telephone usage has a little negative effect (r = −0.16) on educational outcomes which is consistent with the previous literature (Lepp et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015). However, the results caution against coming to hasty conclusions based on these findings. The summary effect size is relatively small, fifty-fifty inwards the educational sphere. Hattie (2012), for example, conducted over 900 educational meta-analyses in addition to found the largest summary effect for a classroom intervention to live a Cohen's d of 1.44. Taking this into account, it is non surprising that something hence ubiquitous in addition to increasingly integral to students' lives would stimulate got some influence on educational outcomes. Additionally, although the publication bias analysis suggests that these results are non greatly biased yesteryear a systematic exclusion of studies, it should live noted that the effects observed could live indicative of an association rather than causation. For example, those who are predisposed to overuse mobile devices may but live less probable to attain academically inwards the rootage place. That the summary effect is derived from studies involving experimental groups every bit good every bit cross-sectional studies, however, brings this possibility into question....
Despite the variability betwixt studies, at that spot appears to live a consistent negative, albeit small, effect on educational achievement. This suggests that avoidance of mobile phones inwards educational settings, or for those who are currently inwards school, could live beneficial for academic achievement.....
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Kuss DJ, Kanjo E, Crook-Rumsey M, Kibowski F, Wang GY, Sumich A. Problematic mobile telephone usage in addition to addiction across generations: the roles of psychopathological symptoms in addition to smartphone use. J Technol Behav Sci. 2018;3(3):141-149. doi: 10.1007/s41347-017-0041-3.
Abstract
Contemporary technological advances stimulate got led to a important increment inwards using mobile technologies. Recent enquiry has pointed to potential problems every bit a number of mobile overuse, including addiction, fiscal problems, unsafe usage (i.e. whilst driving) in addition to prohibited usage (i.e. usage inwards forbidden areas). The aim of this study is to extend previous findings regarding the predictive powerfulness of psychopathological symptoms (depression, anxiety in addition to stress), mobile telephone usage (i.e. calls, SMS, fourth dimension spent on the phone, every bit good every bit the engagement inwards specific smartphone activities) across Generations X in addition to Y on problematic mobile telephone usage inwards a sample of 273 adults. Findings revealed prohibited usage in addition to dependence were predicted yesteryear calls/day, fourth dimension on the telephone in addition to using social media. Only for dependent mobile telephone usage (rather than prohibited), stress appeared every bit significant. Using social media in addition to anxiety significantly predicted belonging to Generation Y, with calls per hateful solar daytime predicted belonging to Generation X. This finding suggests Generation Y are to a greater extent than probable to usage asynchronous social media-based communication, whereas Generation X engage to a greater extent than inwards synchronous communication. The findings stimulate got implications for prevention in addition to awareness-raising efforts of perchance problematic mobile telephone usage for educators, parents in addition to individuals, especially including dependence in addition to prohibited use.
Kuss DJ, Kanjo E, Crook-Rumsey M, Kibowski F, Wang GY, Sumich A. Problematic mobile telephone usage in addition to addiction across generations: the roles of psychopathological symptoms in addition to smartphone use. J Technol Behav Sci. 2018;3(3):141-149. doi: 10.1007/s41347-017-0041-3.
Abstract
Contemporary technological advances stimulate got led to a important increment inwards using mobile technologies. Recent enquiry has pointed to potential problems every bit a number of mobile overuse, including addiction, fiscal problems, unsafe usage (i.e. whilst driving) in addition to prohibited usage (i.e. usage inwards forbidden areas). The aim of this study is to extend previous findings regarding the predictive powerfulness of psychopathological symptoms (depression, anxiety in addition to stress), mobile telephone usage (i.e. calls, SMS, fourth dimension spent on the phone, every bit good every bit the engagement inwards specific smartphone activities) across Generations X in addition to Y on problematic mobile telephone usage inwards a sample of 273 adults. Findings revealed prohibited usage in addition to dependence were predicted yesteryear calls/day, fourth dimension on the telephone in addition to using social media. Only for dependent mobile telephone usage (rather than prohibited), stress appeared every bit significant. Using social media in addition to anxiety significantly predicted belonging to Generation Y, with calls per hateful solar daytime predicted belonging to Generation X. This finding suggests Generation Y are to a greater extent than probable to usage asynchronous social media-based communication, whereas Generation X engage to a greater extent than inwards synchronous communication. The findings stimulate got implications for prevention in addition to awareness-raising efforts of perchance problematic mobile telephone usage for educators, parents in addition to individuals, especially including dependence in addition to prohibited use.
Open access paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133055/
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Kim J-H. Psychological issues in addition to problematic usage of smartphone: ADHD's moderating role inwards the associations amid loneliness, necessitate for social assurance, necessitate for immediate connection, in addition to problematic usage of smartphone. Computers inwards Human Behavior. 80:390-398. Mar 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.025
Highlights
• Examined the machinery linking loneliness with problematic usage of smartphone.
• ADHD increased levels of loneliness, NSA, NIC, in addition to problematic usage of smartphone.
• FtF interaction decreased the association betwixt NSA in addition to NIC for those with ADHD.
Abstract
Going beyond looking at the straight association betwixt psychological issues (loneliness in addition to ADHD) in addition to problematic usage of media (smartphone), the introduce study examined the covert machinery connecting the two. NSA (need for social assurance) in addition to NIC (need for immediate connection) were selected every bit mediating steps betwixt the two. H5N1 total of 615 U.S. American participants were recruited nationally for survey participation. Research findings suggest that individuals who are lonely would rely on smartphone hoping to live connected with in addition to acquire assurance from others, but powerfulness halt upwardly struggling with problematic usage of smartphone. Those with ADHD showed higher levels of loneliness, NSA, NIC, in addition to problematic usage of smartphone, in addition to also showed stronger associations linking loneliness, NSA in addition to NIC compared to those without ADHD. Face-to-face (FtF) interaction decreased the association betwixt NSA in addition to NIC for those with ADHD.
Going beyond looking at the straight association betwixt psychological issues (loneliness in addition to ADHD) in addition to problematic usage of media (smartphone), the introduce study examined the covert machinery connecting the two. NSA (need for social assurance) in addition to NIC (need for immediate connection) were selected every bit mediating steps betwixt the two. H5N1 total of 615 U.S. American participants were recruited nationally for survey participation. Research findings suggest that individuals who are lonely would rely on smartphone hoping to live connected with in addition to acquire assurance from others, but powerfulness halt upwardly struggling with problematic usage of smartphone. Those with ADHD showed higher levels of loneliness, NSA, NIC, in addition to problematic usage of smartphone, in addition to also showed stronger associations linking loneliness, NSA in addition to NIC compared to those without ADHD. Face-to-face (FtF) interaction decreased the association betwixt NSA in addition to NIC for those with ADHD.
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Carbonell X, Chamarro A, Oberst U, Rodrigo B, Prades M. Problematic Use of the Internet in addition to Smartphones inwards University Students: 2006-2017. Intl J Environ Research Publ Health. 15(3). Article 475. Mar 2018.
Abstract
It has been to a greater extent than than a decade since a concern nigh the addictive usage of the Internet in addition to mobile phones was rootage expressed, in addition to its possible inclusion into the lists of mental disorders has of late travel a pop topic of scientific discussion. Thus, it seems to live a plumbing equipment instant to investigate the prevalence of this number over time. The aim of the introduce study was to analyze the prevalence of the perception of problematic Internet in addition to smartphone usage inwards immature people over the menstruation 2006-2017. To this end, a questionnaire on Internet usage habits in addition to 2 questionnaires on the negative consequences of Internet in addition to smartphone usage were administered to a sample of 792 academy students. The scores were in addition to hence compared with the results of erstwhile studies that had used these questionnaires. The perception of problematic Internet in addition to mobile telephone usage has increased over the final decade, social networks are considered responsible for this increase, in addition to females are perceived to live to a greater extent than affected than males. The electrical current study shows how strong smartphone in addition to Internet addiction in addition to social media overlap. Participants from 2017 study higher negative consequences of both Internet in addition to mobile telephone usage than those from 2006, but long-term observations present a decrease inwards problematic usage after a abrupt increment inwards 2013. We conclude that the diagnosis of technological addictions is influenced yesteryear both fourth dimension in addition to social in addition to civilization changes.
Open access paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877020/
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Zou Z, Wang H, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Wang X, Ding J, Chen H. definition of Substance in addition to Non-substance Addiction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1010:21-41.
Abstract
Substance addiction (or drug addiction) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized yesteryear a recurring wishing to maintain taking the drug despite harmful consequences. Non-substance addiction (or behavioral addiction) covers pathological gambling, nutrient addiction, cyberspace addiction, in addition to mobile telephone addiction. Their definition is similar to drug addiction but they differ from each other inwards specific domains. This review aims to supply a brief overview of yesteryear in addition to electrical current definitions of total in addition to non-substance addiction, in addition to also touches on the topic of diagnosing drug addiction in addition to non-drug addiction, ultimately aiming to farther the agreement of the telephone commutation concepts needed for a foundation to study the biological in addition to psychological underpinnings of addiction disorders.
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Gao T, Xiang YT, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Mei S. Neuroticism in addition to character of life: Multiple mediating effects of smartphone addiction in addition to depression. Psychiatry Res. 2017 Dec;258:457-461. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.074.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate the mediating effect of smartphone addiction in addition to depression on neuroticism in addition to character of life. Self-reported measures of neuroticism, smart-phone addiction, depression, in addition to character of life were administered to 722 Chinese academy students. Results showed smartphone addiction in addition to depression were both significantly affected neuroticism in addition to character of life. The straight effect of neuroticism on character of life was significant, in addition to the chain-mediating effect of smartphone addiction in addition to depression was also significant. In conclusion, neuroticism, smartphone addiction, in addition to depression are of import variables that worsen character of life.
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Kim HJ, Min JY, Kim HJ, Min KB. Accident chance associated with smartphone addiction: H5N1 study on academy students inwards Korea. J Behav Addict. 2017 Nov 3:1-9. doi: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.070.
Abstract
Background in addition to aims: The smartphone is ane of the most pop devices, with the average smartphone usage at 162 min/day in addition to the average length of telephone usage at 15.79 hr/week. Although important concerns stimulate got been made nigh the wellness effects of smartphone addiction, the human relationship betwixt smartphone addiction in addition to accidents has rarely been studied. We examined the association betwixt smartphone addiction in addition to accidents amid South Korean academy students.
Methods: H5N1 total of 608 college students completed an online survey that included their experience of accidents (total number; traffic accidents; falls/slips; bumps/collisions; beingness trapped inwards the subway, impalement, cuts, in addition to leave of absence wounds; in addition to burns or electrical shocks), their usage of smartphone, the type of smartphone content they most oftentimes used, in addition to other variables of interests. Smartphone addiction was estimated using Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale, a standardized mensurate developed yesteryear the National Institution inwards Korea.
Results: Compared with normal users, participants who were addicted to smartphones were to a greater extent than probable to stimulate got experienced whatever accidents (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.26-2.86), falling from height/slipping (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.10-3.91), in addition to bumps/collisions (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.16-2.87). The proportion of participants who used their smartphones mainly for amusement was significantly high inwards both the accident (38.76%) in addition to smartphone addiction (36.40%) groups.
Discussion in addition to conclusions: We suggest that smartphone addiction was significantly associated with total accident, falling/slipping, in addition to bumps/collisions. This finding highlighted the necessitate for increased awareness of the chance of accidents with smartphone addiction.
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Wolniewicz CA, Tiamiyu MF, Weeks JW, Elhai JD. Problematic smartphone usage in addition to relations with negative affect, fearfulness of missing out, in addition to fearfulness of negative in addition to positive evaluation. Psychiatry Res. 2017 Sep 25. pii: S0165-1781(17)30901-0. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.058.
Abstract
For many individuals, excessive smartphone usage interferes with everyday life. In the introduce study, nosotros recruited a non-clinical sample of 296 participants for a cross-sectional survey of problematic smartphone use, social in addition to non-social smartphone use, in addition to psychopathology-related constructs including negative affect, fearfulness of negative in addition to positive evaluation, in addition to fearfulness of missing out (FoMO). Results demonstrated that FoMO was most strongly related to both problematic smartphone usage in addition to social smartphone usage relative to negative behave on in addition to fears of negative in addition to positive evaluation, in addition to these relations held when controlling for historic menstruation in addition to gender. Furthermore, FoMO (cross-sectionally) mediated relations betwixt both fearfulness of negative in addition to positive evaluation with both problematic in addition to social smartphone use. Theoretical implications are considered with regard to developing problematic smartphone use.
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Han S, Kim KJ, Kim JH. Understanding Nomophobia: Structural Equation Modeling in addition to Semantic Network Analysis of Smartphone Separation Anxiety. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2017 Jul;20(7):419-427. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0113.
Abstract
This study explicates nomophobia yesteryear developing a enquiry model that identifies several determinants of smartphone separation anxiety in addition to yesteryear conducting semantic network analyses on smartphone users' verbal descriptions of the pregnant of their smartphones. Structural equation modeling of the proposed model indicates that personal memories evoked yesteryear smartphones encourage users to extend their identity onto their devices. When users perceive smartphones every bit their extended selves, they are to a greater extent than probable to acquire attached to the devices, which, inwards turn, leads to nomophobia yesteryear heightening the telephone proximity-seeking tendency. This finding is also supplemented yesteryear the results of the semantic network analyses revealing that the words related to memory, self, in addition to proximity-seeking are indeed to a greater extent than oftentimes used inwards the high, compared with low, nomophobia group.
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Lee H, Kim JW, Choi TY. Risk Factors for Smartphone Addiction inwards Korean Adolescents: Smartphone Use Patterns. J Korean Med Sci. 2017 Oct;32(10):1674-1679. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1674.
Abstract
With widespread usage of the smartphone, clinical evidence for smartphone addiction remains unclear. Against this background, nosotros analyzed the effect of smartphone usage patterns on smartphone addiction inwards Korean adolescents. H5N1 total of 370 middle schoolhouse students participated. The severity of smartphone addiction was measured through clinical interviews in addition to the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale. As a result, 50 (13.5%) were inwards the smartphone addiction grouping in addition to 320 (86.5%) were inwards the salubrious group. To investigate the effect of smartphone usage patterns on smartphone addiction, nosotros performed self-report questionnaires that assessed the next items: smartphone functions mostly used, purpose of use, problematic use, in addition to parental mental attitude regarding smartphone use. For smartphone functions mostly used, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher scores inwards "Online chat." For the purpose of use, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher "habitual use," "pleasure," "communication," "games," "stress relief," "ubiquitous trait," in addition to "not to live left out." For problematic use, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher scores on "preoccupation," "tolerance," "lack of control," "withdrawal," "mood modification," "conflict," "lies," "excessive use," in addition to "loss of interest." For parental mental attitude regarding children's smartphone use, the addiction grouping showed significantly higher scores inwards "parental punishment." Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that "female," "use for learning," "use for ubiquitous trait," "preoccupation," in addition to "conflict" were significantly correlated with smartphone addiction. This study demonstrated that the chance factors for smartphone addiction were beingness female, preoccupation, conflict, in addition to usage for ubiquitous trait; the protective element was usage for learning. Future studies volition live required to disclose the additional clinical evidence of the affliction entity for smartphone addiction.
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Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Social Networking Sites in addition to Addiction: Ten Lessons Learned. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Mar 17;14(3). pii: E311. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14030311.
Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Social Networking Sites in addition to Addiction: Ten Lessons Learned. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Mar 17;14(3). pii: E311. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14030311.
Abstract
Online social networking sites (SNSs) stimulate got gained increasing popularity inwards the final decade, with individuals engaging inwards SNSs to connect with others who percentage similar interests. The perceived necessitate to live online may outcome inwards compulsive usage of SNSs, which inwards extreme cases may outcome inwards symptoms in addition to consequences traditionally associated with substance-related addictions. In monastic tell to introduce novel insights into online social networking in addition to addiction, inwards this paper, 10 lessons learned concerning online social networking sites in addition to addiction based on the insights derived from recent empirical enquiry volition live presented. These are: (i) social networking in addition to social media usage are non the same; (ii) social networking is eclectic; (iii) social networking is a agency of being; (iv) individuals tin travel addicted to using social networking sites; (v) Facebook addiction is alone ane instance of SNS addiction; (vi) fearfulness of missing out (FOMO) may live component of SNS addiction; (vii) smartphone addiction may live component of SNS addiction; (viii) nomophobia may live component of SNS addiction; (ix) at that spot are sociodemographic differences inwards SNS addiction; in addition to (x) at that spot are methodological problems with enquiry to date. These are discussed inwards turn. Recommendations for enquiry in addition to clinical applications are provided.
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De-Sola Gutiérrez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Rubio G. Cell-Phone Addiction: H5N1 Review. Front Psychiatry. 2016 Oct 24;7:175.
Abstract
We introduce a review of the studies that stimulate got been published nigh addiction to jail cellphone phones. We analyze the concept of cell-phone addiction every bit good every bit its prevalence, study methodologies, psychological features, in addition to associated psychiatric comorbidities. Research inwards this land has by in addition to large evolved from a global persuasion of the jail cellphone telephone every bit a device to its analysis via applications in addition to contents. The multifariousness of criteria in addition to methodological approaches that stimulate got been used is notable, every bit is a for certain lack of conceptual delimitation that has resulted inwards a broad spread of prevalent data. There is a consensus nigh the existence of cell-phone addiction, but the delimitation in addition to criteria used yesteryear diverse researchers vary. Cell-phone addiction shows a distinct user profile that differentiates it from Internet addiction. Without evidence pointing to the influence of cultural bird in addition to socioeconomic status, the pattern of abuse is greatest amid immature people, primarily females. Intercultural in addition to geographical differences stimulate got non been sufficiently studied. The problematic usage of jail cellphone phones has been associated with personality variables, such every bit extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem, impulsivity, self-identity, in addition to self-image. Similarly, slumber disturbance, anxiety, stress, and, to a lesser extent, depression, which are also associated with Internet abuse, stimulate got been associated with problematic cell-phone use. In addition, the introduce review reveals the coexistence human relationship betwixt problematic cell-phone usage in addition to total usage such every bit tobacco in addition to alcohol.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822187
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Bragazzi NL, Del Puente G. H5N1 proposal for including nomophobia inwards the novel DSM-V. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2014 May 16;7:155-60. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S41386.
Abstract
The Diagnostic in addition to Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is considered to live the aureate criterion manual for assessing the psychiatric diseases in addition to is currently inwards its quaternary version (DSM-IV), spell a 5th (DSM-V) has exactly been released inwards May 2013. The DSM-V Anxiety Work Group has pose forwards recommendations to modify the criteria for diagnosing specific phobias. In this manuscript, nosotros suggest to consider the inclusion of nomophobia inwards the DSM-V, in addition to nosotros brand a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, discussing the clinical relevance of this pathology, its epidemiological features, the available psychometric scales, in addition to the proposed treatment. Even though nomophobia has non been included inwards the DSM-V, much to a greater extent than attending is paid to the psychopathological effects of the novel media, in addition to the involvement inwards this topic volition increment inwards the close future, together with the attending in addition to caution non to hypercodify every bit pathological normal behaviors.
Open source paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036142/
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Hussain Z. Smartphone Use, Addiction, Narcissism, in addition to Personality: H5N1 Mixed Methods Investigation.International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology in addition to Learning. 5(1):17-32. 2015.
Abstract
There are increasing numbers of people who are instantly using smartphones. Consequently, at that spot is a chance of addiction to for certain spider web applications such every bit social networking sites (SNSs) which are easily accessible via smartphones. There is also the chance of an increment inwards narcissism alongside users of SNSs. The introduce study prepare out to investigate the human relationship betwixt smartphone use, narcissistic tendencies in addition to personality every bit predictors of smartphone addiction. The study also aimed to investigate the distinction betwixt addiction specificity in addition to co-occurrence inwards smartphone addiction via qualitative information in addition to discovery why people maintain to usage smartphones inwards banned areas. H5N1 self-selected sample of 256 smartphone users (Mean historic menstruation = 29.2, SD = 9.49) completed an online survey. The results revealed that 13.3% of the sample was classified every bit addicted to smartphones. Higher narcissism scores in addition to neuroticism levels were linked to addiction. Three themes of; social relations, smartphone dependence in addition to self-serving personalities emerged from the qualitative data. Interpretation of qualitative information supports addiction specificity of the smartphone. It is suggested smartphones encourage narcissism, fifty-fifty inwards non-narcissistic users. In turn, this increased usage inwards banned areas. Future enquiry needs to assemble to a greater extent than in-depth qualitative data, addiction scale comparisons in addition to comparing of usage with in addition to without SNS access. It is advised that prospective buyers of smartphones live pre-warned of the potential addictive properties of novel technology.
Abstract
There are increasing numbers of people who are instantly using smartphones. Consequently, at that spot is a chance of addiction to for certain spider web applications such every bit social networking sites (SNSs) which are easily accessible via smartphones. There is also the chance of an increment inwards narcissism alongside users of SNSs. The introduce study prepare out to investigate the human relationship betwixt smartphone use, narcissistic tendencies in addition to personality every bit predictors of smartphone addiction. The study also aimed to investigate the distinction betwixt addiction specificity in addition to co-occurrence inwards smartphone addiction via qualitative information in addition to discovery why people maintain to usage smartphones inwards banned areas. H5N1 self-selected sample of 256 smartphone users (Mean historic menstruation = 29.2, SD = 9.49) completed an online survey. The results revealed that 13.3% of the sample was classified every bit addicted to smartphones. Higher narcissism scores in addition to neuroticism levels were linked to addiction. Three themes of; social relations, smartphone dependence in addition to self-serving personalities emerged from the qualitative data. Interpretation of qualitative information supports addiction specificity of the smartphone. It is suggested smartphones encourage narcissism, fifty-fifty inwards non-narcissistic users. In turn, this increased usage inwards banned areas. Future enquiry needs to assemble to a greater extent than in-depth qualitative data, addiction scale comparisons in addition to comparing of usage with in addition to without SNS access. It is advised that prospective buyers of smartphones live pre-warned of the potential addictive properties of novel technology.
Internet Addiction
Sussman CJ, Harper JM, Stahl JL, Weigel P. Internet in addition to Video Game Addictions: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, in addition to Neurobiology. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin north Am 27 (2018) 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.015.
Key Points
- Proposed criteria for diagnosis of Internet gaming disorder in addition to other digital engineering addictions are analogous to those for total usage or gambling disorders.
- Diagnosis of Internet in addition to video game addictions should include both screening tools in addition to clinical interview for “red flags,” such every bit academic decline, slumber disruption, in addition to changes inwards real-life activities in addition to relationships.
- Epidemiologic studies, limited yesteryear variation inwards diagnostic methods, yield prevalence estimates ranging from less than 1.0% to 26.8%.
- Internet in addition to video game addictions are associated with psychological in addition to social comorbidities, such every bit depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, alcohol use, anxiety,and pitiable psychosocial support.
- Neurobiological evidence suggests a dual processing model of digital engineering addictions characterized yesteryear an imbalance betwixt the reactive vantage scheme in addition to the reflective vantage system
In spite of the lack of a consensus on diagnosis, in addition to the resulting variations inwards epidemiologic, comorbidity, in addition to neurobiological research, these studies supply overwhelming evidence of similarities betwixt IVGA in addition to SUD. Taken every bit a whole, the research presented hither strongly suggests that IVGA is a clinically relevant in addition to valid syndrome. Like other addictions, it is ameliorate understood when incorporating a neuro-biological perspective. Our land must successfully address IVGAs to run into the needs of a social club that is increasingly enmeshed inwards digital technology. Research inwards this area should maintain to accelerate, allowing clinicians to ameliorate enshroud for, diagnose, psycho-educate, and supply multimodal handling for our patients with IVGA. Treatment of IVGAs is explored inwards David N. Greenfield’s article, “Treatment Considerations in Internet in addition to Video Game Addiction: H5N1 Qualitative Discussion,” inwards this issue.
Significant limitations inwards the electrical current trunk of enquiry include the difficulty inwards determining causality amid many epidemiologic correlations, the limited cognition of brain changes occurring inwards IVGA, including whether they are reversible, in addition to the absence of animate beingness model studies. These weaknesses volition probable maintain to encourage challenges to the validity of IVGA from critics. Some debate that digital engineering use is hence pervasive that the diagnosis may overpathologize behaviour that is normative and acceptable inwards our culture.105 On the other hand, modern society’s excessive engagement with engineering risks falsely normalizing addictions to technology, inwards what may be a civilization of “functional tech-oholics.” It seems hard to walk downwardly a world street without seeing multiple passersby engaged with smartphones, or to partake inwards a group conversation with no cry of digital media inwards some form. It seems evident that the human encephalon cannot evolve fast plenty to accommodate to the progress of digital technology, and that fifty-fifty the most powerful prefrontal cortex may live unable to resist the allure of instant stimulation inwards the body of body of water of digital screens that our globe is becoming. Regardless of where nosotros position the diagnostic cutoff for IVGA, our patients suffering the most profound dysfunction from their usage of digital engineering necessitate ameliorate resources to recognize, understand, in addition to care for their condition. If IVGA proves to live to a greater extent than abundant than a collection of a few extreme cases, it volition live fifty-fifty to a greater extent than vital for our psychoeducational interventions to make non alone affected individuals, but their families in addition to the communities every bit well. Ironically, social media in addition to other forms of screen-based education may testify the best platforms for reaching out to those suffering IVGA without the insight, knowledge, in addition to resources to address it.a This fact reminds us that learning more nigh the benefits of digital engineering every bit good every bit its risks represents a challenge for modern providers in addition to an chance for contemporary researchers.
http://bit.ly/intaddicSussman2018
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Cheng YS, Tseng PT, Lin PY, Chen TY, Stubbs B, Carvalho AF, Wu CK, Chen YW, Wu MK. Internet Addiction in addition to Its Relationship With Suicidal Behaviors: H5N1 Meta-Analysis of Multinational Observational Studies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 5;79(4). pii: 17r11761.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review in addition to meta-analysis of observational studies that investigated the putative association betwixt cyberspace addiction in addition to suicidality.
DATA SOURCES: Major electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Science Direct, in addition to ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched using the next keywords (internet addiction OR cyberspace gaming disorder OR cyberspace usage disorder OR pathological cyberspace usage OR compulsive cyberspace usage OR problematic cyberspace use) AND (suicide OR depression) to position observational studies from inception to Oct 31, 2017.
STUDY SELECTION: We included 23 cross-sectional studies (n = 270,596) in addition to 2 prospective studies (n = 1,180) that investigated the human relationship betwixt suicide in addition to cyberspace addiction.
DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted the rates of suicidal ideation, planning, in addition to attempts inwards individuals with cyberspace addiction in addition to controls.
RESULTS: The individuals with cyberspace addiction had significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.952), planning (OR = 3.172), in addition to attempts (OR = 2.811) in addition to higher severity of suicidal ideation (Hedges g = 0.723). When restricted to adjusted ORs for demographic information in addition to depression, the odds of suicidal ideation in addition to attempts were silent significantly higher inwards the individuals with cyberspace addiction (ideation: pooled adjusted OR = 1.490; attempts: pooled adjusted OR = 1.559). In subgroup analysis, at that spot was a significantly higher prevalence charge per unit of measurement of suicidal ideation inwards children (age less than eighteen years) than inwards adults (OR = 3.771 in addition to OR = 1.955, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides evidence that cyberspace addiction is associated with increased suicidality fifty-fifty after adjusting for potential confounding variables including depression. However, the evidence was derived mostly from cross-sectional studies. Future prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Fumero A, Marrero RJ, Voltes D, Peñate W. Personal in addition to social factors involved inwards cyberspace addiction amid adolescents: H5N1 meta-analysis. Computers inwards Human Behavior. 86:387-400. Sep 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.005
Highlights
• Internet addiction (IA) was associated with psychosocial factors inwards adolescents.
• The chance factors had a greater effect on IA than protective factors.
• Personal factors showed a greater association with IA than social factors.
• Hostility, depression in addition to anxiety showed the greatest link with IA.
Abstract
Abstract
Methods The search included cross-sectional, case-control in addition to cohort studies which analyzed the human relationship betwixt IA in addition to at to the lowest degree ane of the next personal variables: (i) psychopathology, (ii) personality features in addition to (iii) social difficulties, every bit good every bit (iv) self-esteem, (v) social skills in addition to (vi) positive theater unit of measurement functioning. These variables were classified every bit protective in addition to promoting factors of the chance of developing IA.
Results A total of 28 studies with adequate methodological character were identified inwards the primary medical, wellness in addition to psychological literature databases upwardly to Nov 2017. Of the 48,090 students included inwards the analysis, 6548 (13.62%) were identified every bit excessive Internet users. The results highlight that chance factors had a greater effect on IA than protective factors. Also, personal factors showed a greater link with IA than social factors.
Conclusions The information supply relevant information for those developing programs for the prevention of IA in addition to the enhancement of protective factors.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563218302310
Social Networking Site Disorder
Hunt MG, Marx R, Lipson C, Young J. No More FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness in addition to depression. Journal of Social in addition to Clinical Psychology. 37(10): 751-768. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
Abstract
Introduction: Given the breadth of correlational enquiry linking social media usage to worse well-being, nosotros undertook an experimental study to investigate the potential causal role that social media plays inwards this relationship.
Method: After a calendar week of baseline monitoring, 143 undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania were randomly assigned to either boundary Facebook, Instagram in addition to Snapchat usage to 10 minutes, per platform, per day, or to usage social media every bit commons for 3 weeks.
Results: The limited usage grouping showed important reductions inwards loneliness in addition to depression over 3 weeks compared to the command group. Both groups showed important decreases inwards anxiety in addition to fearfulness of missing out over baseline, suggesting a make goodness of increased self-monitoring.
Discussion: Our findings strongly suggest that limiting social media usage to some xxx minutes per hateful solar daytime may Pb to important improvement inwards well-being.
Conclusion
Most of the prior enquiry that has been done on social media in addition to well-being has been correlational inwards nature. H5N1 few prospective in addition to experimental studies stimulate got been done, but they stimulate got alone focused on Facebook. Our study is the rootage ecologically valid, experimental investigation that examines multiple social media platforms in addition to tracks actual usage objectively. The results from our experiment strongly suggest that limiting social media usage does stimulate got a straight in addition to positive impact on subjective well- in addition to depression. That is, ours is the rootage study to found a clear causal link betwixt decreasing social media use, in addition to improvements inwards loneliness in addition to depression. It is ironic, but perhaps non surprising, that reducing social media, which promised to aid us connect with others, truly helps people experience less lonely and depressed.
Pontes HM. Investigating the differential effects of social networking site addiction in addition to Internet gaming disorder on psychological health. J Behav Addict. 2017 Nov 13:1-10. doi: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.075.
Abstract
Background in addition to aims: Previous studies focused on examining the interrelationships betwixt social networking site (SNS) addiction in addition to Internet gaming disorder (IGD) inwards isolation. Moreover, lilliputian is known nigh the potential simultaneous differential effects of SNS addiction in addition to IGD on psychological health. This study investigated the interplay betwixt these 2 technological addictions in addition to ascertained how they tin uniquely in addition to distinctively contribute to increasing psychiatric distress when accounting for potential effects stemming from sociodemographic in addition to technology-related variables.
Methods: H5N1 sample of 509 adolescents (53.5% males) aged 10-18 years (mean = 13.02, SD = 1.64) were recruited.
Results: It was found that telephone commutation demographic variables tin play a distinct role inwards explaining SNS addiction in addition to IGD. Furthermore, it was found that SNS addiction in addition to IGD tin augment the symptoms of each other, in addition to simultaneously contribute to deterioration of overall psychological wellness inwards a similar fashion, farther highlighting potentially mutual etiological in addition to clinical course of study betwixt these 2 phenomena. Finally, the detrimental effects of IGD on psychological wellness were found to live slightly to a greater extent than pronounced than those produced yesteryear SNS addiction, a finding that warrants additional scientific scrutiny.
Discussion in addition to conclusion: The implications of these results are farther discussed inwards lite of the existing evidence in addition to debates regarding the status of technological addictions every bit primary in addition to secondary disorders.
Internet Gaming Disorder/Addiction
Gaming disorder
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS) is a widely used mensurate of video game addiction, a pathology affecting a little per centum of all people who play video games. Emerging adult males are significantly to a greater extent than probable to live video game addicts. Few researchers stimulate got examined how people who qualify every bit video game addicts based on the IGDS compared to matched controls based on age, gender, race, in addition to marital status.
METHOD: The electrical current study compared IGDS video game addicts to matched non-addicts inwards price of their mental, physical, social-emotional wellness using self-report, survey methods.
RESULTS: Addicts had poorer mental wellness in addition to cognitive functioning including poorer impulse command in addition to ADHD symptoms compared to controls. Additionally, addicts displayed increased emotional difficulties including increased depression in addition to anxiety, felt to a greater extent than socially isolated, in addition to were to a greater extent than probable to display cyberspace pornography pathological usage symptoms. Female video game addicts were at unique chance for negative outcomes.
LIMITATIONS: The sample for this study was undergraduate college students in addition to self-report measures were used.
CONCLUSIONS: Participants who met the IGDS criteria for video game addiction displayed poorer emotional, physical, mental, in addition to social health, adding to the growing evidence that video game addictions are a valid phenomenon.
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Paik SH, Cho H, Chun JW, Jeong JE, Kim DJ. Gaming Device Usage Patterns Predict Internet Gaming Disorder: Comparison across Different Gaming Device Usage Patterns. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 December 5;14(12). pii: E1512. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121512.
Abstract
Gaming behaviors stimulate got been significantly influenced yesteryear smartphones. This study was designed to explore gaming behaviors in addition to clinical characteristics across unlike gaming device usage patterns in addition to the role of the patterns on Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Responders of an online survey regarding smartphone in addition to online game usage were classified yesteryear unlike gaming device usage patterns: (1) individuals who played alone calculator games; (2) individuals who played calculator games to a greater extent than than smartphone games; (3) individuals who played calculator in addition to smartphone games evenly; (4) individuals who played smartphone games to a greater extent than than calculator games; (5) individuals who played alone smartphone games. Data on demographics, gaming-related behaviors, in addition to scales for Internet in addition to smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety disorder, in addition to total usage were collected. Combined users, especially those who played calculator in addition to smartphone games evenly, had higher prevalence of IGD, depression, anxiety disorder, in addition to total usage disorder. These subjects were to a greater extent than prone to prepare IGD than reference grouping (computer alone gamers) (B = 0.457, odds ratio = 1.579). Smartphone alone gamers had the lowest prevalence of IGD, spent the to the lowest degree fourth dimension in addition to coin on gaming, in addition to showed lowest scores of Internet in addition to smartphone addiction. Our findings suggest that gaming device usage patterns may live associated with the occurrence, course, in addition to prognosis of IGD.
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Du X, Yang Y, Gao P, Qi X, Du G, et al. Compensatory increment of functional connectivity density inwards adolescents with cyberspace gaming disorder. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017 Dec;11(6):1901-1909. doi: 10.1007/s11682-016-9655-x.
Abstract
Behavioral studies stimulate got demonstrated visual attending bias in addition to working retentivity deficits inwards individuals with cyberspace gaming disorder (IGD). Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that individuals with IGD presented abnormalities inwards encephalon structures in addition to functions including resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) disturbance. However, most previous studies investigated IGD-related rsFC alterations yesteryear using hypothesis-driven methods with priori alternative of a part of interest, which cannot supply a total moving-picture present of the rsFC changes inwards IGD individuals. In this study, nosotros recruited 27 manlike someone IGD adolescents in addition to 35 demographically matched salubrious controls (HCs) to investigate abnormal connective holding of each voxel inside whole encephalon of IGD adolescents using resting-state functional connectivity density (rsFCD) method, in addition to farther to evaluate the human relationship betwixt altered rsFCD in addition to behavioral performances of visual attending in addition to working memory. The results exhibited no important intergroup deviation inwards behavioral performance (visual working retentivity in addition to attention). The IGD adolescents exhibited higher global/long-range rsFCD inwards the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in addition to the right inferior temporal cortex (ITC)/fusiform compared with the HCs. Although no important correlation survived after Bonferroni correction, higher global/long-range rsFCD of the bilateral DLPFC was correlated with the Young's cyberspace addiction testify (IAT) score and/or behavioral performance inwards IGD adolescents using an uncorrected threshold of P < 0.05. In conclusion, IGD adolescents demonstrated increased rsFCD inwards the encephalon regions involved inwards working memory, spatial orientation in addition to attending processing, which indicated that increased rsFCD may reverberate a compensatory machinery for maintaining the normal behavioral performance inwards IGD adolescents compared with the HCs.
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Zhai J, Luo L, Qiu L, Kang Y, Liu B, et al. The topological scheme of white affair network inwards cyberspace gaming disorder individuals. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017 Dec;11(6):1769-1778. doi: 10.1007/s11682-016-9652-0.
Abstract
White affair (WM) integrity abnormalities had been reported inwards Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography allows identification of WM tracts, potentially providing information nigh the integrity in addition to scheme of relevant underlying WM fiber tracts' architectures, which has been used to investigate the connectivity of cortical in addition to subcortical structures inwards several encephalon disorders. Unfortunately, relatively lilliputian is known nigh the thoroughly circuit-level characterization of topological holding changes of WM network with IGD. Sixteen right-hand adolescents with IGD participated inwards our study, according to the diagnostic criteria of IGD inwards DSM-5. Meanwhile, xvi historic menstruation in addition to gender-matched salubrious controls were also enrolled. DTI tractography was employed to generate encephalon WM networks inwards IGD individuals in addition to salubrious controls. The ninety cortical in addition to subcortical regions derived from AAL template were chosen every bit the nodes. The network parameters (i.e., Network strength, clustering coefficient, shortest path length, global efficiency, local efficiency, regional efficiency) were calculated in addition to and hence correlated with the Internet addiction testify (IAT) scores inwards IGD. IGD grouping showed decreased global efficiency, local efficiency in addition to increased shortest path length. Further analysis revealed the reduced nodal efficiency inwards frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex in addition to pallidium inwards IGD. In addition, the global efficiency of WM network was correlated with the IAT scores inwards IGD (r = -0.5927; p = 0.0155). We reported the abnormal topological scheme of WM network inwards IGD in addition to the association with the severity of IGD, which may supply novel insights into the neural machinery of IGD from WM network level.
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Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R, Petry NM. Treatments for Internet gaming disorder in addition to Internet addiction: H5N1 systematic review. Psychol Addict Behav. 2017 Dec;31(8):979-994. doi: 10.1037/adb0000315. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
Abstract
Problems related to excessive usage of the Internet in addition to video games stimulate got of late captured the interests of both researchers in addition to clinicians. The goals of this review are to summarize the literature on handling effectiveness for these problems in addition to to create upwardly one's heed whether whatever treatments run into the minimum requirement of an evidence-based handling every bit defined yesteryear Chambless et al. (1998). Studies of treatments for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in addition to Internet addiction were examined separately, every bit yesteryear studies stimulate got linked IGD to to a greater extent than severe outcomes. The systematic review identified 26 studies coming together predefined criteria; xiii focused on treatments for IGD in addition to xiii on Internet addiction. The results highlighted a paucity of well-designed handling outcome studies in addition to limited evidence for the effectiveness of whatever handling modality. Studies were limited yesteryear methodological flaws, including little sample sizes, lack of command groups, in addition to lilliputian information on handling adherence, amid other problems. In addition, the land is beset yesteryear a lack of consistent definitions of in addition to established instruments to mensurate IGD in addition to Internet addiction. The results of this review highlight the necessitate for additional piece of work inwards the expanse of handling evolution in addition to evaluation for IGD in addition to Internet addiction. Attention to methodological concerns identified inside this review should improve subsequent enquiry related to treating these conditions, in addition to ultimately outcomes of patients suffering from them.
