You Plough Nutrient Vantage Friday
This week's lucky "winner"... Oreo cookies!!!
It's been difficult to discovery fourth dimension for Food Reward Fri lately, but this calendar week I'm bringing it dorsum alongside a vengeance. Oreos choose been i of America's favorite cookies since their introduction inwards 1912 past times Nabisco. They boast a tempting combination of crunchy chocolate cookie too soft, sugariness filling. From a nutrient vantage perspective, the combination of concentrated sugar, starch too fatty brand them a winner. From a nutritional perspective, these same factors brand them a loser.
Although most adults tin think of other desserts we'd rather eat, I think many of us tin retrieve a fourth dimension when Oreos were just almost the pinnacle of deliciousness. More than tasty plenty to throw a tantrum for. It likewise helps that Oreos lend themselves to playing alongside your food.
Interestingly, Oreos were the plain of report of a recent report on nutrient vantage inwards rats (1) that WHS reader Chris Cappuccio passed on to me. This study, presented at the 2013 Neuroscience conference, got a lot of media attention, both positive too negative. What did it find?
Food vantage is the procedure past times which behaviors are reinforced past times food, too a "rewarding" nutrient is i that makes yous to a greater extent than motivated to obtain it i time you've eaten it a few times. In the electrical flow study, researchers used a mensurate of vantage called conditioned house preference. Basically, they repeatedly gave rats Oreos inwards a detail location, too and thence measured how much fourth dimension the rats afterward spent hanging around inwards that location hoping for Oreos*, fifty-fifty when the Oreos were omitted. Crucially, the Oreos were pitted against salubrious bland rodent chow, non against an absence of food.
They establish just what has been shown many times before: rats LOVE human junk food. The rats trained alongside Oreos preferred to hang around the Oreo-associated location fifty-fifty when no Oreos were there, demonstrating that the Oreos are highly rewarding (i.e. Oreo consumption increased the likelihood of Oreo-seeking behavior). Oreos are likewise highly rewarding inwards humans, otherwise they would non choose sustained human Oreo-purchasing behaviors over the concluding century.
What comes adjacent is the experiment that made this report thence controversial: they compared the vantage value of Oreos to the vantage value of cocaine too heroin inwards their experimental model. Intravenous cocaine or heroin was paired alongside a specific location, pitted against intravenous saline at some other location, too the researchers afterward measured how much fourth dimension the rats spent hanging around the side paired alongside drug fifty-fifty when no drug was administered.
As expected, rats similar cocaine too heroin, too they spent to a greater extent than fourth dimension hanging around the drug-associated location hoping for a hit. Here's the critical finding: inwards this experiment, the vantage value of heroin too cocaine was non significantly dissimilar from the vantage value of Oreos. Also, all 3 weather condition caused similar effects on neuron activity inwards the primal reward-related encephalon portion the nucleus accumbens. The authors destination the abstract alongside this:
Drug addiction is basically a really rigid motivation to obtain the drug, every bit a resultant of the drug's high vantage value (due to straight actions on encephalon vantage circuits). A soul is thence motivated to obtain a drug that she has a difficult fourth dimension controlling drug-seeking too drug purpose behaviors, too these behaviors supervene upon constructive behaviors similar maintaining relationships too beingness financially responsible.
Similarly, people tin endure highly motivated to obtain for certain foods (ice cream, pizza, white patato chips, Oreos) due to the high vantage value of those foods. Although calling this 'addiction' is controversial, it does Pb to the consumption of unhealthy calories inwards excess, superseding constructive behaviors similar eating an appropriate quantity of salubrious food.
The give-and-take 'addiction' triggers rigid emotional reactions too rapidly leads to unproductive fence inwards the pop media. I think the best way to think almost this report is to discard the give-and-take 'addiction' too only think almost reward. Oreos, cocaine, too heroin all had a powerful might to motivate demeanor inwards rats. Even though nosotros can't exercise this report inwards humans, too I doubtfulness humans would discovery Oreos every bit rewarding every bit heroin, it is all the same clear that Oreos too other similar foods are highly rewarding inwards humans too tin Pb to behaviors that undermine wellness too other positive life outcomes. This report is a proficient reminder of that.
* In a fashion of speaking. We can't read their minds to run into if it genuinely contains hope. See comments below past times Aaron Blaisdell.
It's been difficult to discovery fourth dimension for Food Reward Fri lately, but this calendar week I'm bringing it dorsum alongside a vengeance. Oreos choose been i of America's favorite cookies since their introduction inwards 1912 past times Nabisco. They boast a tempting combination of crunchy chocolate cookie too soft, sugariness filling. From a nutrient vantage perspective, the combination of concentrated sugar, starch too fatty brand them a winner. From a nutritional perspective, these same factors brand them a loser.
Baca Juga
Although most adults tin think of other desserts we'd rather eat, I think many of us tin retrieve a fourth dimension when Oreos were just almost the pinnacle of deliciousness. More than tasty plenty to throw a tantrum for. It likewise helps that Oreos lend themselves to playing alongside your food.
Interestingly, Oreos were the plain of report of a recent report on nutrient vantage inwards rats (1) that WHS reader Chris Cappuccio passed on to me. This study, presented at the 2013 Neuroscience conference, got a lot of media attention, both positive too negative. What did it find?
Food vantage is the procedure past times which behaviors are reinforced past times food, too a "rewarding" nutrient is i that makes yous to a greater extent than motivated to obtain it i time you've eaten it a few times. In the electrical flow study, researchers used a mensurate of vantage called conditioned house preference. Basically, they repeatedly gave rats Oreos inwards a detail location, too and thence measured how much fourth dimension the rats afterward spent hanging around inwards that location hoping for Oreos*, fifty-fifty when the Oreos were omitted. Crucially, the Oreos were pitted against salubrious bland rodent chow, non against an absence of food.
They establish just what has been shown many times before: rats LOVE human junk food. The rats trained alongside Oreos preferred to hang around the Oreo-associated location fifty-fifty when no Oreos were there, demonstrating that the Oreos are highly rewarding (i.e. Oreo consumption increased the likelihood of Oreo-seeking behavior). Oreos are likewise highly rewarding inwards humans, otherwise they would non choose sustained human Oreo-purchasing behaviors over the concluding century.
What comes adjacent is the experiment that made this report thence controversial: they compared the vantage value of Oreos to the vantage value of cocaine too heroin inwards their experimental model. Intravenous cocaine or heroin was paired alongside a specific location, pitted against intravenous saline at some other location, too the researchers afterward measured how much fourth dimension the rats spent hanging around the side paired alongside drug fifty-fifty when no drug was administered.
As expected, rats similar cocaine too heroin, too they spent to a greater extent than fourth dimension hanging around the drug-associated location hoping for a hit. Here's the critical finding: inwards this experiment, the vantage value of heroin too cocaine was non significantly dissimilar from the vantage value of Oreos. Also, all 3 weather condition caused similar effects on neuron activity inwards the primal reward-related encephalon portion the nucleus accumbens. The authors destination the abstract alongside this:
These findings propose that high fat/sugar foods too drugs of abuse trigger encephalon addictive processes to the same marker too lend back upwards to the hypothesis that maladaptive eating behaviors contributing to obesity tin endure compared to drug addictionThis is what triggered the avalanche of positive too negative media coverage. The negative coverage was generally from people who are tired of hearing the declaration that vantage too addiction are the same thing, or that activation of encephalon regions involved inwards vantage agency something is addictive. These people choose a point, but there's a infant inwards the bathwater that nosotros shouldn't discard.
Drug addiction is basically a really rigid motivation to obtain the drug, every bit a resultant of the drug's high vantage value (due to straight actions on encephalon vantage circuits). A soul is thence motivated to obtain a drug that she has a difficult fourth dimension controlling drug-seeking too drug purpose behaviors, too these behaviors supervene upon constructive behaviors similar maintaining relationships too beingness financially responsible.
Similarly, people tin endure highly motivated to obtain for certain foods (ice cream, pizza, white patato chips, Oreos) due to the high vantage value of those foods. Although calling this 'addiction' is controversial, it does Pb to the consumption of unhealthy calories inwards excess, superseding constructive behaviors similar eating an appropriate quantity of salubrious food.
The give-and-take 'addiction' triggers rigid emotional reactions too rapidly leads to unproductive fence inwards the pop media. I think the best way to think almost this report is to discard the give-and-take 'addiction' too only think almost reward. Oreos, cocaine, too heroin all had a powerful might to motivate demeanor inwards rats. Even though nosotros can't exercise this report inwards humans, too I doubtfulness humans would discovery Oreos every bit rewarding every bit heroin, it is all the same clear that Oreos too other similar foods are highly rewarding inwards humans too tin Pb to behaviors that undermine wellness too other positive life outcomes. This report is a proficient reminder of that.
* In a fashion of speaking. We can't read their minds to run into if it genuinely contains hope. See comments below past times Aaron Blaisdell.
