Is Carbohydrate Toxic, Sixty Minutes
Dr. Sanjay Gupta reports on novel query showing that beyond weight gain, saccharide tin accept a serious terms on your health, worsening weather ranging from pump illness to cancer.
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Baca Juga
The next script is from "Sugar" which aired on Apr 1, 2012. Dr. Sanjay Gupta is the correspondent. Denise Schrier Cetta as well as Sumi Aggarwal, producers.
The chances are proficient that saccharide is a bigger component of your daily diet than you lot may realize which is why our story this evening is thus important. New query coming out of some of America's most respected institutions is starting to discover that sugar, the way many people are eating it today, is a toxin as well as could live a driving strength behind some of this country's leading killers, including pump disease.
As a resultant of these findings, an anti-sugar drive has sprung up, led past times Dr. Robert Lustig, a California endocrinologist, who believes the consumption of added sugars has plunged America into a world wellness crisis.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Is saccharide toxic?
Dr. Robert Lustig: I believe it is.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Do you lot e'er worry that that's-- it simply sounds a niggling chip over the top?
Dr. Robert Lustig: Sure. All the time. But it's the truth.
Dr. Robert Lustig is a pediatric endocrinologist at the University of California, San Francisco as well as a pioneer inwards what is becoming a state of war against sugar.
Motivated past times his ain patients -- likewise many sick as well as obese children - Dr. Lustig has concluded that sugar, to a greater extent than than whatever other substance, is to blame.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: What are all these diverse diseases that you lot tell are linked to sugar?
Dr. Robert Lustig: Obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, as well as pump illness itself.
Lustig says the American lifestyle is killing us.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: And most of it you lot tell is preventable?
Dr. Robert Lustig: Seventy-five per centum of it is preventable.
While Dr. Lustig has published a dozen scientific articles on the evils of sugar, it was his lecture on YouTube, called "Sugar: The Bitter Truth," that brought his message to the masses.
[YouTube Video: I'm standing hither today to recruit you lot inwards the state of war against bad food.]
By "bad food" Dr. Lustig agency the obvious things such as tabular array sugar, honey, syrup, sugary drinks as well as desserts, but also simply nigh every processed nutrient you lot tin imagine, where saccharide is often hidden: yogurts as well as sauces, bread, as well as fifty-fifty peanut butter. And what nigh the man-made, often vilified sweetener, high fructose corn syrup?
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Is it worse than simply tabular array sugar?
Dr. Robert Lustig: No. 'Cause it's the exact same. They are basically equivalent. The occupation is they're both bad. They're both every bit toxic.
Since the 1970s, saccharide consumption has gone downward nearly forty percent, but high fructose corn syrup has to a greater extent than than made upward the difference. Dr. Lustig says they are both toxic because they both incorporate fructose -- that's what makes them sugariness as well as irresistible.
Dr. Robert Lustig: We love it. We leave of absence of our way to discover it. I think 1 of the reasons evolutionarily is because at that topographic point is no nutrient materials on the planet that has fructose that is poisonous to you. It is all good. So when you lot sense of savor something that's sweet, it's an evolutionary Darwinian betoken that this is a prophylactic food.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: We were born this way?
Dr. Robert Lustig: We were born this way.
Central to Dr. Lustig's theory is that nosotros used to acquire our fructose by as well as large inwards minor amounts of fruit -- which came loaded alongside fiber that slows absorption as well as consumption -- later all, who tin eat 10 oranges at a time? But as saccharide as well as high fructose corn syrup became cheaper to refine as well as produce, nosotros started gorging on them. Americans instantly swallow 130 pounds per somebody a twelvemonth -- that's a 3rd of a pound every day.
Dr. Lustig believes those sweeteners are helping fuel an increment inwards the most deadly illness inwards America: pump disease. For years, he's been a controversial voice.
[Kimber Stanhope: Here is our oral isotope...]
But now, studies done past times Kimber Stanhope, a nutritional biologist at the University of California, Davis are starting to dorsum him up. She's inwards the middle of a groundbreaking, five-year study which has already shown rigid bear witness linking excess high fructose corn syrup consumption to an increment inwards endangerment factors for pump illness as well as stroke. That suggests calories from added sugars are dissimilar than calories from other foods.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: The mantra that you lot listen from most nutritionists is that a calorie is a calorie is a calorie.
Kimber Stanhope: And I think the results of the study showed clearly that is non true.
Stanhope's conclusions weren't piece of cake to come upward by. Nutrition studies are expensive as well as difficult. Stanhope has paid groups of query subjects to alive inwards this infirmary fly for weeks at a time, nether a assort of 24-hour lockdown. They undergo scans as well as blood tests - every calorie they ingest, meticulously weighed as well as prepared.
Kimber Stanhope: They're never out of our sight. So nosotros practice know that they are consuming precisely what nosotros demand them to consume.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: And they're non sneaking whatever candy bars on the side.
Kimber Stanhope: Yeah, right, exactly.
For the firstly few days, participants eat a diet depression inwards added sugars, thus baseline blood levels tin live measured.
[Research assistant: So retrieve you lot guys receive got to destination all of your Kool-Aid. ]
Then, 25 per centum of their calories are replaced alongside sweetened drinks as well as Stanhope's squad starts drawing blood every thirty minutes around the clock. And those blood samples? They revealed something disturbing.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: And what are you lot starting to see?
Kimber Stanhope: We flora that the subjects who consumed high fructose corn syrup had increased blood levels of LDL cholesterol as well as other endangerment factors for cardiovascular disease.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: How apace did these changes occur?
Kimber Stanhope: Within 2 weeks.
Kimber Stanhope's study suggests that when a somebody consumes likewise much sugariness stuff, the liver gets overloaded alongside fructose as well as converts some of it into fat. Some of that obese ends upward inwards the bloodstream as well as helps generate a unsafe sort of cholesterol called minor dense LDL. These particles are known to guild inwards blood vessels, course of study plaque as well as are associated alongside pump attacks.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Did it surprise you lot when you lot firstly got these results back?
Kimber Stanhope: I would receive got to tell I was surprised because when I saw our data, I started drinking as well as eating a whole lot less sugar. I would tell our information surprised me.
So imagine, for these good for you lot immature people, drinking a sweetened drinkable mightiness live simply as bad for their hearts as the obese cheeseburgers we've all been warned nigh since the 1970s. That's when a authorities committee mandated that nosotros lower obese consumption to effort as well as trim pump disease.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: So alongside the best of intentions, they say, "Time to trim obese inwards the American diet?"
Dr. Robert Lustig: Exactly. And nosotros did. And approximate what? Heart disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes as well as expiry are skyrocketing.
Dr. Lustig believes that's primarily because nosotros replaced a lot of that obese alongside added sugars.
Dr. Robert Lustig: Take the obese out of food, it tastes similar cardboard. And the nutrient manufacture knew that. So they replaced it alongside sugar.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: This see that saccharide increases this peculiarly bad LDL, the minor dense particles that are associated alongside pump disease. Do most doctors-- practice they know this?
Dr. Robert Lustig: No, they practice non know this. This is new.
And it turns out, saccharide has travel a major focus inwards cancer query too. Lewis Cantley, is looking at the connection.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: If you lot limit your saccharide you lot decrease your chances of developing cancer?
Lewis Cantley: Absolutely.
Cantley, a Harvard professor as well as the caput of the Beth State of Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, says when nosotros eat or drinkable sugar, it causes a abrupt spike inwards the hormone insulin, which tin serve as a catalyst to fuel sure types of cancers.
Lewis Cantley: What we're showtime to acquire is that insulin tin cause adverse effects inwards the diverse tissues. And of item occupation concern is cancer.
Why? Nearly a 3rd of some mutual cancers -- including pectus as well as colon cancers -- receive got something called insulin receptors on their surface. Insulin binds to these receptors as well as signals the tumor to start consuming glucose.
Lewis Cantley: This is your body...
Every prison theatre mobile telephone inwards our trunk needs glucose to survive. But the problem is, these cancer cells also utilisation it to grow.
Lewis Cantley: So if you lot hand off to receive got the tumor that has insulin receptors on it thus it volition acquire stimulated to accept upward the glucose that's inwards the bloodstream rather than travel into obese or muscle, the glucose goes into the tumor. And the tumor uses it to grow.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: So you've simply seen that tumor plow bluish which is essentially reflective of glucose going into it.
Lewis Cantley: That's right.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: So these cancers, much inwards the same way that musculus volition say, "Hey, I'd similar some of that glucose, the obese says, "I would similar some of that glucose," the cancers receive got learned how to practice this themselves as well?
Lewis Cantley: Yes. So they receive got evolved the powerfulness to hijack that menses of glucose that's going past times inwards the bloodstream into the tumor itself.
Lewis Cantley's query squad is working on developing drugs that volition cutting off the glucose render to cancer cells as well as continue them from growing. But until there's a breakthrough, Cantley's advice? Don't eat sugar. And if you lot must, continue it to a minimum.
Lewis Cantley: In fact-- I-- you lot know, I alive my life that way. I rarely eat sugar.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: When you lot run into a sugary drinkable or if I were to offering you lot one, what-- alongside all that you lot know, what's going through your mind?
Lewis Cantley: I likely would plow it downward as well as acquire a drinking glass of water.
But for most of us, that's easier said than done...
Eric Stice: It turns out saccharide is much to a greater extent than addictive than I think nosotros had assort of realized early on.
Eric Stice, a neuroscientist at the Oregon Research Institute, is using functional MRI scanners to acquire how our brains reply to sweetness.
Eric Stice: Sugar activates our encephalon inwards a special way. That's real reminiscent of, you lot know, drugs similar cocaine.
That's right. Cocaine.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Let's give it a shot...
I climbed into the MRI scanner to run into how my encephalon would respond. That's a straw that's been rigged to deliver a tiny sip of soda into my mouth.
Eric Stice: Stay as even thus as you lot can, ok?
Just as it hitting my tongue, the scanner detected increased blood rushing to sure regions of my brain. In these images, the xanthous areas exhibit that my vantage share is responding to the sugariness taste. Dopamine - a chemic that controls the brain's pleasance middle - is beingness released, simply as it would inwards response to drugs or alcohol.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: So dopamine is released. That assort of makes me experience good. I'm experiencing some pleasance from having this Coke.
Eric Stice: Right, that euphoric effect.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: So far live it for people to realize this 'cause saccharide is everywhere, but you're maxim this is 1 of the most addictive substances mayhap that nosotros have?
Eric Stice: It for sure is real proficient at firing the vantage regions inwards our brain.
Eric Stice says past times scanning hundreds of volunteers, he's learned that people who often drinkable sodas or eat H2O ice cream or other sugariness foods may live edifice upward a tolerance, much similar drug users do. As foreign as it sounds, that agency the to a greater extent than you lot eat, the less you lot experience the reward. The result: you lot eat to a greater extent than than ever.
Eric Stice: If you lot overeat these on a regular footing it causes changes inwards the encephalon that basically it blunts your vantage share response to the food, thus so you lot eat to a greater extent than as well as to a greater extent than to attain the same satisfaction you lot felt originally.
With all this novel scientific discipline emerging, nosotros wanted to listen from the saccharide industry, thus nosotros visited Jim Simon, who's on the board of the Sugar Association, at a saccharide cane farm inwards Louisiana.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Would it surprise you lot that almost every scientist that nosotros talked to inwards researching this story told us they are eliminating all added sugars. They're getting rid of it because they're concerned nigh the wellness impacts.
Jim Simon: To tell that the American consuming world is going to completely omit, eliminate, sweeteners out of their diet I don't think gets us there.
Simon cautions that eliminating saccharide wrongly vilifies 1 food, rather than working towards the long-term solution of reducing calories as well as exercising.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: You know, a lot of people, Jim, are maxim that saccharide is different. That it is bad for your pump as well as is causing a lot of the problems we're talking about. It is addictive as well as inwards some cases mightiness fifty-fifty fuel cancers. What would you lot - I hateful you've looked at this. You must receive got looked at some of these studies. What practice you lot tell nigh that?
Jim Simon: The scientific discipline is non completely clear here.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: But some of that's, but some of these studies exist. I mean, what is a consumer, what are they to brand of all that?
Jim Simon: Well, I would tell to them, that they've got to approach, their diet inwards balance.
Dr. Robert Lustig agrees -- nosotros demand a balanced diet -- but his see of residual is a drastic reduction inwards saccharide consumption. To that destination he co-authored an American Heart Association study recommending men should swallow no to a greater extent than than 150 calories of added sugars a day. And women, simply 100 calories. That's less than the amount inwards simply 1 tin of soda.
Dr. Robert Lustig: Ultimately this is a world wellness crisis. And when it's a world wellness crisis, you lot receive got to practice large things as well as you lot receive got to practice them across the board. Tobacco as well as alcohol are perfect examples. We receive got made a witting alternative that we're non going to acquire rid of them, but nosotros are going to limit their consumption. I think saccharide belongs inwards this exact same wastebasket.
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Original content Bob DeMarco, the
